The concept of axiological design of personality’s life achievements

Abstract

The study substantiates the concept of axiopsychological design of life achievements of the individual using the principle of integral subjectivity and methods of factor-analytical approach to empirical research. The results of a comprehensive study of the axiopsychological design of the life of the individual is represented through the idea of the individual as an integral subject of possible spiritual, moral and other transformations and material incarnations of man. Emphasis is placed on the study of the factors of this phenomenon in adulthood – early, middle and late; gender, age and chosen profession. The origins of the study of the problem of axiopsychological design of life achievements of the individual are reflected through the prism of leading philosophical trends – phenomenological, existential and philosophical-anthropological, based on the understanding of man as an open being who constantly defines himself – projects. The key axiopsychological correlates of philosophical issues are intentionality, choice, worldview, meaning of life, values and value orientations, success in life, happiness, etc., which give grounds to claim that the individual as a subject is capable of self-determination and self-transcendence, self-determination. To highlight the system of criteria and indicators of axiopsychological design of life achievements of the individual, a theoretical analysis of interdisciplinary studies of the studied phenomenon was carried out. It is noted that such “criteria” are: meaningful life orientation to self-realization, focus on self-development and self-improvement, integrity and harmony of multifaceted human existence, which are expressed in adequate self-assessment of personal potential and level of aspirations, satisfaction with the level of realization vital activity; creative nature of activity, independence and autonomy; reflexive self-regulation, which is based on the internal locus of control; high level of tolerance to uncertainty, flexibility in the organization of life. The author’s theoretical model presents axiopsychological projection of life achievements of a person as a two-way synergistic process of value-target advancement (anticipation) of states and statuses (achievements) desired for a certain person and their subject-resource provision with relevant competencies relevant to specific life situations. This made it possible to connect the temporal-teleological and causal-subjective (topical) aspects of the integral process of personality realization with a triangulation arc. It is specified that the first aspect represents freedom of will as an inherent property of homo sapiens to more or less independently determine their life priorities (value-semantic sphere), the second – represents biologically conditioned and acquired in the course of socialization (including through education, upbringing, education in general) knowledge, skills, abilities to embody personal choices as the results of value self-determination (from solving situational problems on their meaning to making fateful decisions on the further trajectory of personal movement-progress) into viable projects. It is emphasized that without the mutual correspondence of “want” and “can”, terminal and instrumental, the final product of this synergy cannot be synthesized – “I will” or “I will happen” under the condition of appropriate self-organization and emotional-volitional mobilization. It is found that the first aspect of axiopsychological design is subject to the principle of nonlinear teleological determinism, the second – causal determinism, the coordinated action of which constructs the phenomenon of axiopsychological design of personality. To build an applied model of empirical research, which is derived from theoretical, substantiated and implemented the principle of systematization in the form of a holarchy of subordinate levels of integral subjectivity, through the prism of which a person is considered as a whole person. Each of the five levels of integral subjectivity is revealed, which are marked by the corresponding personal traits – value-target dispositions and instrumental-subjective abilities, the synergistic effect of which determines a high probability of achieving success in life: at the level of relative subject (psychosomatic individual) – a sense of subjective well-being (happiness), at the level of the monosubject (actually the subject of individual subject activity) – style of self-regulation, a sense of self-efficacy, motivation for achievement; at the level of the polysubject (social individual) – coping behavior strategies, perfectionist guidelines; at the level of metasubject (creative individuality) – the structure of value orientations, causometric indicators of life; at the level of the absolute subject (universal person) – spiritual aspirations, the target orientation of the individual. The empirical study explains the factor structure of the axiopsychological projection of the life achievements of people in early adulthood, which made it possible to identify the nine leading determinants of this process. It is established that the most important in their composition are the contradictory combination of the disposition of self-efficacy and resistance to self-improvement, the combination of assertiveness with weak motivation for self-education and self-development. The influence of the gender factor on the axiopsychological projection of life achievements of the person in early adulthood is revealed. It is noted that in women this process is motivated by the disposition of self-efficacy and perfectionist guidelines, and in men – by the traits of masculinity and the desire to overcome obstacles. Peculiarities of axiopsychological design of life achievements of persons at the stage of professional training of specialists of different specialties are established. The main parameters of this process in engineering students are determined – the features of male gender and the disposition of self-efficacy; It was found that the common features of both sexes are the disposition of self-efficacy of the masculine type, and the differences – insecurity and hope for happiness in women and the opposite disposition – self-confidence and self-confidence in men. Instead, in future economists, the process of axiopsychological design of life is determined by the subjective ability to self-regulation, persistence in overcoming obstacles; It is established that gender differences in the construction of the studied phenomenon in future economists relate to the balanced influence of internal and external determinants of success in women and orientation to social recognition in men, although the disposition of self-efficacy is evenly expressed in both subsets of the studied contingent. It was found that future teachers of early adulthood rely primarily on themselves (a sense of self-efficacy, the ability to self-regulate); in middle adulthood for teachers the priority is effective self-realization, assertiveness, developed self-regulation; and in late adulthood the confidence in successful self-realization and productivity of own way of life prevails. Significant differences between the determinants of axiopsychological design of life achievements of teachers according to the criteria of age and gender (based on the results of one-way analysis of variance). It is proved that the chosen specialty does not significantly affect the course of this process. In terms of significant gender differences, it was found that female respondents outnumber men in need of entertainment and recreation, values of love and recognition, the use of emotional coping and coping “social distraction”, androgynous traits, they are more likely to experience ambivalent feelings, follow traditional patterns, more conformal and focused on support in order to maintain mental balance. In contrast, male respondents prioritize health values, focus on competitiveness as comparative self-efficacy, strategic thinking, motivation to achieve, modeling and programming future events. According to the identified leading factors and the results of analysis of variance, a natural increase in the role of instrumental-subjective abilities in the axiopsychological design of life achievements of the individual from middle to late adulthood; the tendency of men to dominate the instrumental-subjective abilities in the construction of this phenomenon and the predominance in women of the value-target vector of projecting their life over the instrumental-subjective. Methodical recommendations to psychologists, teachers, mentors of academic groups on the development of axiopsychological design of life achievements of students in higher education institutions are formulated; heads of general secondary education institutions, heads of education management bodies, institutions of training, retraining and advanced training of pedagogical staff – teachers of primary education.